He was a philosopher who was concerned not with human beings in isolation, but instead with the ways that we interact, the ways that we come together to form functional, or dysfunctional, societies. Not only this, but Confucius has become so centrally important for philosophy in East Asia, his thought has been continually reinterpreted for around two and a half thousand years.Д«ut one way of getting hold of the core of ConfuciusвЂ™s thinking is to see him as a relentlessly and deeply social thinker. There is none of the close argument that you find in Plato or Aristotle, for example. Confucius was disgusted by the dukeвЂ™s neglect of his responsibilities, choosing self-imposed exile over a dissolute employer.Д¬onfuciusвЂ™s philosophy can be frustrating to make sense of, because based on his recorded teachings, it can seem on first acquaintance to be both somehow intangible and also all-encompassing. He shut himself away with the women and gave himself over to pleasure. To distract the Duke of Lu from the reforms he was putting in place, the ruler of Qi sent him eighty courtesans and a hundred horses as a distraction. The story told by Sima Qian is that the ruler of the rival state of Qi was worried the state of Lu was becoming too powerful.

186 BCE) - who as a writer is always entertaining, but not always to be trusted - Confucius left his official post after losing faith in the Duke of Lu. In a famous story retold by the historian Sima Qian (c. He was also optimistic about the future, and he looked forward in the hope that it might be possible to re-establish this lost order among the fragmented states of his day. Chinese history has been marked by alternating periods of fragmentation and unity: the famous 14th century Chinese novel The Romance of the Three Kingdoms begins with the words, 'It is said that this is the great tendency of the world: long divided, it must unite long united, it must divide.' Confucius lived in a period of fragmentation and division and he looked back to the greatness of the Western Zhou dynasty (1050-771 BCE) as a period of unity, virtue and good governance.Д«ut Confucius was not just nostalgic for the past. Looking Back, Looking ForwardsД¬onfucius spent his life looking backward to a lost past and looking forward to a hoped-for future. According to other accounts, he was also put in charge of granaries: an important function in a small state that relied on adequate supplies of food for its survival. According to one account, he was for a while in charge of rituals and this may be reflected in his lifelong interest in the importance of ritual for social life. In his early adulthood, Confucius served in various offices in the court of Lu.

ConfuciusвЂ™s ancestors were high-ranking, but his father died when he was young, and Confucius was brought up in relative poverty. He was born in the small state of Lu, now in present-day China. This makes him the contemporary of Greek philosophers like Heraclitus and Anaxagoras. The traditional dates for ConfuciusвЂ™s life are between 551 and 479 BCE. And yet, during his lifetime, his teachings were largely ignored. Confucius was a reformer who aimed to refashion society on the basis of justice and virtue. His insights have shaped the cultures of East Asia and beyond for centuries.

Hoever, it also appears that the attitude and behavior of Chinese negotiators are affected by other independent factors as well.Confucius is one of history's most influential philosophers. In depth interviews with the respondents indicate a relationshiop between Confucianism and Chinese negotiatorвЂ™s attitude and behavior. The experience of seven negotiators, Chinese and non Chinese were studied to describe how Chinese negotiatorвЂ™s conducts, in a negotiation, includes in preferring to negotiation tactics. Cultural linkages between Confucianism and Chinese negotiatorвЂ™s attitute and behavior are discussed. This article concerns with Chinese cultural background in performing a negotiation. Hence, cultural awareness and adaptation are required to be a successful international negotiator. 87, Sunter, Jakarta 14350, Telp: (021) 65307062 Fax: (021) 65306967 Inter cultural negotiation, negotiation tactics.Д¬ultural diversity is a critical factor in some manner of cross communication, includes international negotiation.

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